1、一、查看cpulscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.blue@blue-pc:~】# lscpu帆歌达缒Architecture: i686 #cpu架构CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bitByte Order: Little Endian #小尾序CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpuVendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intelCPU family: 6Model: 42Stepping: 7CPU MHz: 1600.000BogoMIPS: 5986.12Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术L1d cache: 32KL1i cache: 32KL2 cache: 256KL3 cache: 6144K查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。#cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 6model : 42model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz.....上面输出的是个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。
2、二、查看内存情况free -mtotal used free shared buffers cachedMem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691Swap: 9536 31 9505这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。查看内存详细使用# cat /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 4020868 kBMemFree: 230884 kBBuffers: 7600 kBCached: 454772 kBSwapCached: 836 kB.....
3、三、查看内存硬件信息dmidecode -t memory# dmidecode 2.11SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytesPhysical Memory ArrayLocation: System Board Or Motherboard....Maximum Capacity: 32 GB....Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes....Memory DeviceArray Handle: 0x0008Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 64 bitsData Width: 64 bitsSize: 4096 MB.....我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。
4、四、查看硬盘和分区分布# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk├—sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot├—sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]├—sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /├—sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part├—sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home└—sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
5、五、如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00023728Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux/dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux/dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
6、六、查看网卡硬件信息# lspci | grep -i 'eth'02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
7、七、查看卺肿蓦艚系统的所有网络接口# ifconfig -aeth0 Link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f.....lo 讣嘬铮篌Link encap:本地环回.....或者是ip link show1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWNlink/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标# ethtool eth0Settings for eth0:Supported ports: [ TP MII ]Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式Supported pause frame use: NoSupports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/FullAdvertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-onlyAdvertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full.....Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支 持千兆，变成要支持百兆Duplex: Full #全双工.....Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的
8、八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。Lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor F锾攒揉敫amily DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv如果要看设备树:lscpi –t
9、九、查看bios信息# dmidecode -t bios......BIOS InformationVendor: American Megatrends Inc.Version: 4.6.5Release Date: 04/25/2012.......BIOS Revision: 4.6......dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的配置，比如说支持的内存数等。
10、十、如果要查看所有有用信息dmidecode –q以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件的信息。